Ma Chengxiang

Ma Chengxiang
Born 馬呈祥 1914
Gansu
Died 1991
Allegiance Republic of China
Years of service 1936 - 1969
Rank Lieutenant General
Battles/wars Ili Rebellion, Pei-ta-shan Incident, Chinese Civil War, Ningxia Campaign
This is a Chinese name; the family name is Ma.

Ma Chengxiang (1914–1991) (simplified Chinese: 马呈祥; traditional Chinese: 馬呈祥; pinyin: Mǎ Chéngxiáng; Wade–Giles: Ma Chêng-hsiang)[1] was a Chinese Muslim general in the National Revolutionary Army. He was the son of general Ma Buqing, and nephew of general Ma Bufang. He commanded Hui cavalry in Xinjiang, the 5th cavalry army. Ma was a member of the Chinese Nationalist Kuomintang party and a hardliner.[2][3][4] Ma Chengxiang was the commander of the former Fifth Cavalry Army in Western Gansu, then reorganized as the First Cavalry Division in Xinjiang.

He commanded Chinese Muslim troops against the Uighur armies of the Second East Turkestan Republic and against the People's Liberation Army in Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Gansu. His cavalry was deployed during the Ningxia Campaign. Ma Chengxiang, the nationalist cavalry commander in Xinjiang, led 200-300 civilians and military men such as officers and soldiers and their families fleeing China to settle in Saudi Arabia, with his uncle, Ma Bufang.[5] His family fled Qinghai to go to Hong Kong as a stopover, then fled to Egypt.[6]

Ma Chengxiang allegedly used his Chinese Muslim cavalry to butcher Uyghurs during an uprising in 1948 in Turfan.[7]

Elite Qinghai Chinese Muslim cavalry were sent by the Chinese Kuomintang to destroy the Mongols and the Russians in 1947 during the Pei-ta-shan Incident.[8][9]

Ma was appointed as the commander of all the cavalry forces of the Kuomintang in Xinjiang. When the Communists invaded Xinjiang, Ma fled via the Pamirs in 1950 through India, then reached Egypt. Later, Ma Chengxiang returned to Taiwan, Republic of China in 1950, where his father Ma Buqing had fled. Ma Bufang stayed in Egypt. He resumed his job as a General and was elected to the Seventh Central Committee of the Kuomintang. He also became the Deputy General Officer Commanding Penghu Defense Command in 1956 and was appointed to the Planning Commission for the Recovery of the Mainland.[1]

Career

References

  1. ^ a b Steen Ammentorp (2000-2009). "The Generals of WWII Generals from China Ma Chengxiang". http://www.generals.dk/general/Ma_Chengxiang/_/China.html. Retrieved 31 October 2010. 
  2. ^ David D. Wang (1999). Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident : ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press. pp. 577. ISBN 9622018319. http://books.google.com/books?id=XeBxAAAAMAAJ&q=ma+chengxiang&dq=ma+chengxiang&hl=en&ei=wyc1TKSkFoK0lQfNgtzVBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 
  3. ^ Marc Gaborieau, Véronique Bouillier, Catherine Servan Schreiber (2004). De l'Arabie à l'Himalaya: chemins croisés : en hommage à Marc Gaborieau. Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 395. ISBN 2706817674. http://books.google.com/books?id=1-jhoKbkmdIC&pg=PA395&dq=ma+chengxiang&hl=en&ei=wyc1TKSkFoK0lQfNgtzVBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CEsQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=ma%20chengxiang&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 
  4. ^ Jeremy Brown, Paul Pickowicz (2007). Dilemmas of victory: the early years of the People's Republic of China. Harvard University Press. p. 191. ISBN 0674026160. http://books.google.com/books?id=SK7Jdfnf9RIC&pg=PA192&dq=ma+chengxiang&hl=en&ei=_yw1TOSjDMSBlAejwMzSBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=snippet&q=ma%20chengxiang%205th%20rivalry%20army&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 
  5. ^ Carol R. Ember, Melvin Ember, Human Relations Area Files, inc, Ian A. Skoggard (2005). Encyclopedia of diasporas: immigrant and refugee cultures around the world. Springer. p. 115. ISBN 0306483211. http://books.google.com/books?id=7QEjPVyd9YMC&pg=PA115&dq=ma+chengxiang&hl=en&ei=wyc1TKSkFoK0lQfNgtzVBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAw#v=snippet&q=ma%20cheng%20xiang%20xinjiang%20led%20200&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 
  6. ^ Jeremy Brown, Paul Pickowicz (2007). Dilemmas of victory: the early years of the People's Republic of China. Harvard University Press. p. 192. ISBN 0674026160. http://books.google.com/books?id=SK7Jdfnf9RIC&pg=PA192&dq=ma+chengxiang&hl=en&ei=_yw1TOSjDMSBlAejwMzSBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=ma%20cheng-xiang's%20left%20qinghai%20for%20hong%20kong&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 
  7. ^ Jack Chen (1977). The Sinkiang story. Macmillan. p. 263. ISBN 0025246402. http://books.google.com/books?ei=w1dKTJ-yNcT68Aauo8Qy&ct=result&id=Ka6GAAAAIAAJ&dq=the+sinkiang+story&q=ma+chin-shan. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 
  8. ^ Andrew D. W. Forbes (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: a political history of Republican Sinkiang 1911-1949. Cambridge, England: CUP Archive. p. 214. ISBN 0521255147. http://books.google.com/books?id=IAs9AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=warlords+and+muslims&source=bl&ots=KzhMe1dpqU&sig=YUq2zwbyUFNCsO5Jnt2RTAKL0rc&hl=en&ei=SdobTNyIEYO8lQfuvYm1Cg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBgQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=elite%20tungan%20cavalry%20incident&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-28. 
  9. ^ Dickens, Mark. "The Soviets in Xinjiang 1911-1949". Oxus Communications. http://oxuscom.com/sovinxj.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-18. 

External links

Warlord era in early Republic of China (1916–1930)
Main events (1916–1920) Main events (1920–1930) Northern Factions Southern Factions